There are three-phase five wire cabinet, outgoing cabinet and capacitor compensation cabinet in part of the high and low voltage distribution room. First, discuss the basic principle of capacitor compensation. During capacitor compensation, the capacitor and load are connected in series. The capacitor is the same as the power warehouse. When the load expands, the output voltage of the power transformer will be reduced due to the internal resistance of the power transformer. Since the two sides of the capacitor must maintain the original working standard voltage, That is to say, a part of the electric current in the capacitor should be discharged, which alleviates the downward trend of the working standard voltage. This is the basic principle of capacitor compensation. In principle, the capacitor is equivalent to a diesel generator that leads to the total electric flow of soluble reactive load. The basic principle of reactive power compensation is to connect the machine equipment with soluble power load and objective power load in series on the same capacitor, and the mechanical energy is converted between the two loads. In that way, the load of the transformer and transmission line in the electric power is reduced, so that the skills in the output power factor work are improved. The loss of the power supply system is reduced when a certain power factor is output. In comparison, capacitor is a simple, social and economic development method to reduce the load of transformer, power supply system and industrial production transformer equipment. Therefore, it is imperative for capacitors to be used as reactive power compensation in power supply and distribution systems.
Reactive compensation mode:
High voltage decentralized compensation
High voltage decentralized compensation is actually a reactive compensation capacitor installed at the high voltage side of each transformer to improve the quality of power supply voltage. It is mainly used in high-voltage substation equipment in metropolis.
High voltage centralized compensation
High voltage centralized compensation refers to the compensation method of installing capacitors in 9kV~10kV high-voltage buses of substations or customer blood fat reduction substations; Capacitors can also be installed on the low-voltage bus in the customer's general high-voltage, low-voltage, high-voltage and low-voltage distribution room, where the available load is concentrated, close to the enclosed bus of the substation equipment, and the compensation capacity is very large. When the customer has a certain high-voltage load, it can reduce the consumption of reactive load of the power supply and distribution system and have a certain compensation effect. Its advantages are that it is conducive to the implementation of automatic switching, can reasonably improve the power factor of customers, has high utilization rate, less investment projects, is beneficial to maintenance, is convenient and quick to adjust, can avoid over compensation, and improve the quality of working standard voltage. However, the economic benefits of this compensation method are poor.
Bottom pressure dispersion compensation
The bottom voltage decentralized compensation is to install each or more bottom voltage capacitor banks in a decentralized manner near the power consumption mechanical equipment according to the demand of some power consumption mechanical equipment for reactive load, so as to compensate the reactive power load of all high-voltage and low-voltage lines and transformers in front of the installation position. Its advantage is that when the power consumption machinery and equipment are running, the reactive compensation fund is allocated, and when the power consumption machinery and equipment are terminated, the compensation machinery and equipment are also removed, which can reduce the liquidity of reactive load in the distribution network and transformer, thus reducing the power factor loss; The utility model can reduce the power line section of the line and the capacity of the transformer, and has small space occupation. The disadvantages are low utilization rate and large investment projects. It is not suitable for variable-speed operation, positive and negative operation, and starting motors of luminous, interturn and reverse brake systems.
Centralized compensation of bottom pressure
Bottom voltage centralized compensation refers to connecting the bottom voltage capacitor to the low-voltage bus side of the distribution transformer according to the low-voltage switch, using the reactive compensation switching machine equipment as the control maintenance machine equipment, and immediately controlling the switching of the capacitor according to the reactive load on the low-voltage bus. Capacitors are switched on and off as a group, which cannot ensure smooth adjustment. The advantages of bottom voltage compensation: simple wiring, small operation and maintenance workload, local balance of reactive load, thus improving the utilization of power transformer, reducing network loss, with high rationalization, is one of the common methods of reactive power compensation at present.
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